北京铁路局降雨量远程实时监测系统的研究与开发——系统结构及硬件

为北京铁路局各级防洪指挥部门在汛期能够实时掌握所辖铁路范围内的降雨量情况 ,实现主动防洪 ,并做好铁路抗洪抢险准备工作 ,确保汛期铁路行车安全 ,研究开发了北京铁路局“降雨量远程实时监测系统”。笔者介绍了系统的功能结构 ,重点分析了用于降雨量数据采集、传输的单片机雨量计、工业数据传输硬件设备技术 ,数据通讯协议以及网络通讯技术     

基于安全心理学的主动式防火墙设计

当前防火墙的防御策略为被动防御 ,它只能被动等待攻击者的攻击 ,直接降低了其安全性能。从安全心理学的角度出发 ,分析了被动式防火墙的弱点并设计了一种新型防火墙。该防火墙采用主动式防御策略 ,对于在防火墙中识别出的非法访问 ,通过重定向 ,引导至识别区来保护主系统 ,降低攻击者的攻击欲望 ,从而提高了防火墙的安全性能。防火墙中关键技术为攻击识别技术和重定向技术。     

无线传感网络在安全生产中的应用

本文详细介绍了无线传感器网络在安全生产中的应用结构、无线传感器节点的构成以及无线传感网络的数据模型,探讨了无线传感器网络在危险场所日常监测及应急救援场合应用的技术问题,分析了无线传感网络在实际应用中的关键技术。     

A heuristic optimization approach for Air Quality Monitoring Network design with the simultaneous consideration of multiple pollutants

An interactive optimization methodology for allocating the number and configuration of an Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN) in a vast area to identify the impact of multiple pollutants is described. A mathematical model based on the multiple cell approach (MCA) was used to create monthly spatial distributions for the concentrations of the pollutants emitted from different emission sources. These spatial temporal patterns were subject to a heuristic optimization algorithm to identify the optimal configuration of a monitoring network. The objective of the optimization is to provide maximum information about multi-pollutants (i.e., CO, NO(x) and SO(2)) emitted from each source within a given area. The model was applied to a network of existing refinery stacks and the results indicate that three stations can provide a total coverage of more than 70%. In addition, the effect of the spatial correlation coefficient (R(C)) on total area coverage was analyzed. The modeling results show that as the cutoff correlation coefficient R(C) is increased from 0.75 to 0.95, the number of monitoring stations required for total coverage is increased. A high R(C) based network may not necessarily cover the entire region, but the covered region will be well represented. A low R(C) based network, on the other hand, would offer more coverage of the region, but the covered region may not be satisfactorily represented.     

网状聚合物冠醚对重金属离子的吸附性能

以Hg（NO3）2、Cu（NO3）2水溶液为模拟工业废水，以侧链具N、S配位基的网状聚合物冠醚为吸附剂，研究了聚合物冠醚对HP(2＋)、Cu(2＋)的吸附性能。讨论了溶液温度、pH值、金属离子浓度及时间对吸附性能的影响，该聚合物冠醚对Hg(2＋)具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度。     

江苏省高速公路网新一轮规划生态适宜性分析

通过对江苏省新一轮高速公路网规划的生态环境影响评价,分析了规划高速公路网与江苏省生态功能区划的相容性和对高速公路网空间生态的适宜性,并对典型路段的生态适宜性进行了分析。最后,根据分析结果提出了相应的措施及方案调整建议。     

基于B/S结构的城市空气质量日报发布系统设计

通过互联网管理和发布城市空气质量日报是城市环境信息化建设的主要内容，系统的推广和应用有利于我国空气质量日报工作的进一步深入。对空气质量日报的业务流程与主要内容，B／S结构下城市空气质量日报系统开发模式、模块划分与功能设计、软件开发平台等进行了详细论述。     

生命周期评价在过程工业用水网络设计中的应用

介绍了考虑环境因素的过程工业用水网络设计研究进展,分析了典型的过程工业水系统的特点,肯定了在整个水系统生命周期内考察用水网络设计方案环境效益的重要性,给出了生命周期评价方法在用水网络设计中应用的技术框架。     

城市水资源社会再生能力评价模型研究

为了在城市水资源评价过程中充分考虑城市水资源的社会循环，更好地揭示城市水资源开发利用的潜力，提出了城市水资源社会再生能力概念，并分别建立了城市水资源社会绝对再生能力与相对再生能力的评价指标体系；在此基础上，建立了一种全新的城市水资源评价模型——基于人工神经网络的城市水资源社会再生能力评价模型．该模型在构造评价标准的过程中，通过“虚拟城市”构造模型训练样本；由此将评价问题转化成人工神经网络所擅长的分类问题，并赋予评价结果实际的内涵，使得评价结果更直观且更易于理解．最后，以黄河流域的主要城市为研究对象，对其绝对水资源再生能力与相对水资源再生能力分别进行评价；并与传统的灰色关联方法进行对比；评价结果与实际相吻合。     

Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in landscape ecology

Hedgerows originated and coexist with agriculture. Their internal structure and species diversity vary widely with origin (planted, spontaneous, or remnant), farming practices in adjacent fields, and the refined art of hedgerow management. Most hedgerow species are forest-edge species, and apparently none is limited to hedgerows. Wide hedgerows composed of trees and shrubs appear to function as corridors for movement of many plants and animals across a landscape. The reduction of crop loss, by dampening pest population fluctuations with hedgerow predators, remains a hypothesis for study.Field microclimate downwind of a hedgerow is modified about 16 times the hedgerow height (h) for evaporation, and approximately 28 h for wind speed. A turbulent wind pattern with harsher microclimate is present at 6–8 h if a second hedgerow is nearby downwind. Zones of higher crop productivity at 3- to 6-h downwind, and 2- to 6-h upwind of a second hedgerow may be expected. Overall, we expect little short-term difference in farm-field production with or without hedgerows.Evidence suggests that hedgerow networks, and especially their mesh size (of fields), exert a major control on many major landscape fluxes. Such fluxes include animal populations, wind speed, evapotranspiration and soil desiccation, soil erosion and nutrient runoff, species movement along network lines, and movement of field species across the network. In a relatively short period, the hedgerow ecosystem, with no unique species, has attained a metastable equilibrium, which is regulated by enormous human inputs.More than 20 economic roles of hedgerows are pinpointed. The roles, providing resources and protection of resources, are poorly known quantitatively. We conclude that hedgerows perform diverse functions for society and the farmer that are both economically and ecologically significant.